Application Configuration Object

Table of Contents

1. Overview
2. Core Methods
3. Application Model Attributes
4. Exceptions
5. Basic Configuration
6. Usage Examples
   • Creating Applications
   • Retrieving Applications
   • Updating Applications
   • Listing Applications
   • Filtering Responses
   • Controlling Pagination with max_limit
   • Deleting Applications
7. Managing Configuration Changes
   • Performing Commits
   • Monitoring Jobs
8. Error Handling
9. Best Practices
10. Full Script Examples
11. Related Models

Overview

The Application class provides functionality to manage custom application definitions in Palo Alto Networks' Strata Cloud Manager. This class inherits from BaseObject and provides methods for creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting custom applications with specific characteristics, risk levels, and behaviors.

Core Methods

Method	Description	Parameters	Return Type
create()	Creates a new application	data: Dict[str, Any]	ApplicationResponseModel
get()	Retrieves an application by ID	object_id: str	ApplicationResponseModel
update()	Updates an existing application	application: ApplicationUpdateModel	ApplicationResponseModel
delete()	Deletes an application	object_id: str	None
list()	Lists apps with filtering	folder: str, **filters	List[ApplicationResponseModel]
fetch()	Gets app by name and container	name: str, folder: str	ApplicationResponseModel

Application Model Attributes

Attribute	Type	Required	Description
name	str	Yes	Name of application (max 63 chars)
id	UUID	Yes*	Unique identifier (*response only)
category	str	Yes	High-level category (max 50 chars)
subcategory	str	Yes	Specific sub-category (max 50 chars)
technology	str	Yes	Underlying technology (max 50 chars)
risk	int	Yes	Risk level (1-5)
description	str	No	Description (max 1023 chars)
ports	List[str]	No	Associated TCP/UDP ports
folder	str	Yes**	Folder location (**one container required)
snippet	str	Yes**	Snippet location (**one container required)
evasive	bool	No	Uses evasive techniques
pervasive	bool	No	Widely used
excessive_bandwidth_use	bool	No	Uses excessive bandwidth
used_by_malware	bool	No	Used by malware
transfers_files	bool	No	Transfers files
has_known_vulnerabilities	bool	No	Has known vulnerabilities
tunnels_other_apps	bool	No	Tunnels other applications
prone_to_misuse	bool	No	Prone to misuse
no_certifications	bool	No	Lacks certifications

Exceptions

Exception	HTTP Code	Description
InvalidObjectError	400	Invalid application data or format
MissingQueryParameterError	400	Missing required parameters
NameNotUniqueError	409	Application name already exists
ObjectNotPresentError	404	Application not found
ReferenceNotZeroError	409	Application still referenced
AuthenticationError	401	Authentication failed
ServerError	500	Internal server error

Basic Configuration

from scm.client import Scm
from scm.config.objects import Application

# Initialize client
client = Scm(
client_id="your_client_id",
client_secret="your_client_secret",
tsg_id="your_tsg_id"
)

# Initialize Application object
applications = Application(client)

Usage Examples

Creating Applications

# Basic application configuration
basic_app = {
"name": "custom-database",
"category": "business-systems",
"subcategory": "database",
"technology": "client-server",
"risk": 3,
"description": "Custom database application",
"ports": ["tcp/1521"],
"folder": "Texas"
}

# Create basic application
basic_app_obj = applications.create(basic_app)

# Advanced application with security attributes
secure_app = {
"name": "secure-chat",
"category": "collaboration",
"subcategory": "instant-messaging",
"technology": "client-server",
"risk": 2,
"description": "Secure internal chat application",
"ports": ["tcp/8443"],
"folder": "Texas",
"transfers_files": True,
"has_known_vulnerabilities": False,
"evasive": False,
"pervasive": True
}

# Create secure application
secure_app_obj = applications.create(secure_app)

Retrieving Applications

# Fetch by name and folder
app = applications.fetch(name="custom-database", folder="Texas")
print(f"Found application: {app.name}")

# Get by ID
app_by_id = applications.get(app.id)
print(f"Retrieved application: {app_by_id.name}")
print(f"Risk level: {app_by_id.risk}")

Updating Applications

# Fetch existing application
existing_app = applications.fetch(name="custom-database", folder="Texas")

# Update attributes
existing_app.description = "Updated database application"
existing_app.risk = 4
existing_app.has_known_vulnerabilities = True
existing_app.ports = ["tcp/1521", "tcp/1522"]

# Perform update
updated_app = applications.update(existing_app)

Listing Applications

# List with direct filter parameters
filtered_apps = applications.list(
folder='Texas',
category=['business-systems'],
risk=[3, 4, 5]
)

# Process results
for app in filtered_apps:
print(f"Name: {app.name}")
print(f"Category: {app.category}")
print(f"Risk: {app.risk}")

# Define filter parameters as dictionary
list_params = {
"folder": "Texas",
"technology": ["client-server"],
"subcategory": ["database"]
}

# List with filters as kwargs
filtered_apps = applications.list(**list_params)

Filtering Responses

The list() method supports additional parameters to refine your query results even further. Alongside basic filters (like types, values, and tags), you can leverage the exact_match, exclude_folders, and exclude_snippets parameters to control which objects are included or excluded after the initial API response is fetched.

Parameters:

• exact_match (bool): When True, only objects defined exactly in the specified container (folder or snippet) are returned. Inherited or propagated objects are filtered out.
• exclude_folders (List[str]): Provide a list of folder names that you do not want included in the results.
• exclude_snippets (List[str]): Provide a list of snippet values to exclude from the results.

Examples:

# Only return applications defined exactly in 'Texas'
exact_applications = applications.list(
folder='Texas',
exact_match=True
)

for app in exact_applications:
print(f"Exact match: {app.name} in {app.folder}")

# Exclude all applications from the 'All' folder
no_all_applications = applications.list(
folder='Texas',
exclude_folders=['All']
)

for app in no_all_applications:
assert app.folder != 'All'
print(f"Filtered out 'All': {app.name}")

# Exclude applications that come from 'default' snippet
no_default_snippet = applications.list(
folder='Texas',
exclude_snippets=['default']
)

for app in no_default_snippet:
assert app.snippet != 'default'
print(f"Filtered out 'default' snippet: {app.name}")


# Combine exact_match with multiple exclusions
combined_filters = applications.list(
folder='Texas',
exact_match=True,
exclude_folders=['All'],
exclude_snippets=['default'],
)

for app in combined_filters:
print(f"Combined filters result: {app.name} in {app.folder}")

Controlling Pagination with max_limit

The SDK supports pagination through the max_limit parameter, which defines how many objects are retrieved per API call. By default, max_limit is set to 2500. The API itself imposes a maximum allowed value of 5000. If you set max_limit higher than 5000, it will be capped to the API's maximum. The list() method will continue to iterate through all objects until all results have been retrieved. Adjusting max_limit can help manage retrieval performance and memory usage when working with large datasets.

# Initialize the Application object with a custom max_limit
# This will retrieve up to 4321 objects per API call, up to the API limit of 5000.
application_client = Application(api_client=client, max_limit=4321)

# When calling list(), it will use the specified max_limit for each request,
# auto-paginating through all available objects.
all_apps = application_client.list(folder='Texas')

# 'all_apps' contains all objects from 'Texas', fetched in chunks of up to 4321 at a time.

Deleting Applications

# Delete by ID
app_id = "123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426655440000"
applications.delete(app_id)

Managing Configuration Changes

Performing Commits

# Prepare commit parameters
commit_params = {
"folders": ["Texas"],
"description": "Updated application definitions",
"sync": True,
"timeout": 300 # 5 minute timeout
}

# Commit the changes
result = applications.commit(**commit_params)

print(f"Commit job ID: {result.job_id}")

Monitoring Jobs

# Get status of specific job
job_status = applications.get_job_status(result.job_id)
print(f"Job status: {job_status.data[0].status_str}")

# List recent jobs
recent_jobs = applications.list_jobs(limit=10)
for job in recent_jobs.data:
print(f"Job {job.id}: {job.type_str} - {job.status_str}")

Error Handling

```python from scm.exceptions import ( InvalidObjectError, MissingQueryParameterError, NameNotUniqueError, ObjectNotPresentError, ReferenceNotZeroError ) try: # Create application configuration app_config = { "name": "test-app", "category": "business-systems", "subcategory": "database", "technology": "client-server", "risk": 3, "folder": "Texas", "description": "Test application", "ports": ["tcp/1521"] } # Create the application new_app = applications.create(app_config) # Commit changes result = applications.commit( folders=["Texas"], description="Added test application", sync=True ) # Check job status status = applications.get_job_status(result.job_id) except InvalidObjectError as e: print(f"Invalid application data: {e.message}") except NameNotUniqueError as e: print(f"Application name already exists: {e.message}") except ObjectNotPresentError as e: print(f"Application not found: {e.message}") except ReferenceNotZeroError as e: print(f"Application still in use: {e.message}") except MissingQueryParameterError as e: print(f"Missing parameter: {e.message}") ```

Best Practices

1. Application Definition

   • Use descriptive names and categories
   • Set appropriate risk levels
   • Document security characteristics
   • Specify all relevant ports
   • Keep descriptions current

2. Container Management

   • Always specify exactly one container (folder or snippet)
   • Use consistent container names
   • Validate container existence
   • Group related applications

3. Security Attributes

   • Accurately flag security concerns
   • Update vulnerability status
   • Document evasive behaviors
   • Track certification status
   • Monitor risk levels

4. Performance

   • Use appropriate pagination
   • Cache frequently accessed apps
   • Implement proper retry logic
   • Monitor bandwidth flags

5. Error Handling

   • Validate input data
   • Handle specific exceptions
   • Log error details
   • Monitor commit status
   • Track job completion

Full Script Examples

Refer to the application.py example.

Related Models

• ApplicationCreateModel
• ApplicationUpdateModel
• ApplicationResponseModel